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PECB GDPR Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

Data protection concepts: General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and compliance measures

Topic 2

Roles and responsibilities of accountable parties for GDPR compliance: This section of the exam measures the skills of Compliance Managers and covers the responsibilities of various stakeholders, such as data controllers, data processors, and supervisory authorities, in ensuring GDPR compliance. It assesses knowledge of accountability frameworks, documentation requirements, and reporting obligations necessary to maintain compliance with regulatory standards.

Topic 3

This section of the exam measures the skills of Data Protection Officers and covers fundamental concepts of data protection, key principles of GDPR, and the legal framework governing data privacy. It evaluates the understanding of compliance measures required to meet regulatory standards, including data processing principles, consent management, and individuals' rights under GDPR.

Topic 4

Technical and organizational measures for data protection: This section of the exam measures the skills of IT Security Specialists and covers the implementation of technical and organizational safeguards to protect personal data. It evaluates the ability to apply encryption, pseudonymization, and access controls, as well as the establishment of security policies, risk assessments, and incident response plans to enhance data protection and mitigate risks.

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PECB Certified Data Protection Officer Sample Questions (Q83-Q88):

NEW QUESTION # 83
Scenario 7: EduCCS is an online education platform based in Netherlands. EduCCS helps organizations find, manage, and deliver their corporate training. Most of EduCCS's clients are EU residents. EduCCS is one of the few education organizations that have achieved GDPR compliance since 2019. Their DPO is a full-time employee who has been engaged in most data protection processes within the organization. In addition to facilitating GDPR compliance, the DPO acts as an intermediary point between EduCCS and other relevant interested parties. EduCCS's users can benefit from the variety of up-to-date training library and the possibility of accessing it through their phones, tablets, or computers. EduCCS's services are offered through two main platforms: online learning and digital training. To use one of these platforms, users should sign on EduCCS's website by providing their personal information. Online learning is a platform in which employees of other organizations can search for and request the training they need. Through its digital training platform, on the other hand, EduCCS manages the entire training and education program for other organizations.
Organizations that need this type of service need to provide information about their core activities and areas where training sessions are needed. This information is then analyzed by EduCCS and a customized training program is provided. In the beginning, all IT-related serviceswere managed by two employees of EduCCS.
However, after acquiring a large number of clients, managing these services became challenging That is why EduCCS decided to outsource the IT service function to X-Tech. X-Tech provides IT support and is responsible for ensuring the security of EduCCS's network and systems. In addition, X-Tech stores and archives EduCCS's information including their training programs and clients' and employees' data. Recently, X-Tech made headlines in the technology press for being a victim of a phishing attack. A group of three attackers hacked X-Tech's systems via a phishing campaign which targeted the employees of the Marketing Department. By compromising X-Tech's mail server, hackers were able to gain access to more than 200 computer systems. Consequently, access to the networks of EduCCS's clients was also allowed. Using EduCCS's employee accounts, attackers installed a remote access tool on EduCCS's compromised systems.
By doing so, they gained access to personal information of EduCCS's clients, training programs, and other information stored in its online payment system. The attack was detected by X-Tech's system administrator.
After detecting unusual activity in X-Tech's network, they immediately reported it to the incident management team of the company. One week after being notified about the personal data breach, EduCCS communicated the incident to the supervisory authority with a document that outlined the reasons for the delay revealing that due to the lack of regular testing or modification, their incident response plan was not adequately prepared to handle such an attack.Based on this scenario, answer the following question:
Question:
What is therole of EduCCS' DPOin the situation described inscenario 7?

A. TheDPO should documentthe personal data breach andnotify the relevant partiesabout its occurrence.
B. TheDPO should respondto the personal data breach based on thebreach response planas defined by EduCCS.
C. TheDPO should verifyif EduCCS hasadopted appropriate corrective measuresto minimize the risk of similar future breaches.
D. TheDPO is responsiblefor contacting the affected data subjects and compensating them for any damages.

Answer: C

Explanation:
UnderArticle 39(1)(b) of GDPR, the DPO is responsible formonitoring compliance, includingensuring corrective actions are takento prevent future breaches.
* Option A is correctbecauseDPOs must assess whether corrective actions were taken.
* Option B is incorrectbecausethe DPO does not execute the breach response plan but advises on compliance.
* Option C is incorrectbecausedocumenting and reporting breaches is the responsibility of the controller, not solely the DPO.
* Option D is incorrectbecauseDPOs do not handle compensations-this is a legal issue determined by courts.
References:
* GDPR Article 39(1)(b)(DPO's role in monitoring compliance)
* Recital 97(DPO's advisory responsibilities)

NEW QUESTION # 84
Why should the controller implement appropriate technical and organizational measures?

A. To allow the data subject to monitor the processing of their personal data
B. To maximize the processing of personal data
C. To enable the processor to create and improve security features

Answer: A

Explanation:
GDPR Article 25 requires controllers to implement appropriate measures ensuring data protection. This includes transparency measures that allow data subjects to monitor the processing of their personal data, fulfilling their rights under Articles 12-22.

NEW QUESTION # 85
Bus Spot is one of the largest bus operators in Spain. The company operates in local transport and bus rental since 2009. The success of Bus Spot can be attributed to the digitization of the bus ticketing system, through which clients can easily book tickets and stay up to date on any changes to their arrival or departure time. In recent years, due to the large number of passengers transported daily. Bus Spot has dealt with different incidents including vandalism, assaults on staff, and fraudulent injury claims. Considering the severity of these incidents, the need for having strong security measures had become crucial. Last month, the company decided to install a CCTV system across its network of buses. This security measure was taken to monitor the behavior of the company's employees and passengers, enabling crime prevention and ensuring safety and security. Following this decision, Bus Spot initiated a data protection impact assessment (DPIA). The outcome of each step of the DPIA was documented as follows: Step 1: In all 150 buses, two CCTV cameras will be installed. Only individuals authorized by Bus Spot will have access to the information generated by the CCTV system. CCTV cameras capture images only when the Bus Spot's buses are being used. The CCTV cameras will record images and sound. The information is transmitted to a video recorder and stored for 20 days. In case of incidents, CCTV recordings may be stored for more than 40 days and disclosed to a law enforcement body. Data collected through the CCTV system will be processed bv another organization. The purpose of processing this tvoe of information is to increase the security and safety of individuals and prevent criminal activity. Step 2: All employees of Bus Spot were informed for the installation of a CCTV system. As the data controller, Bus Spot will have the ultimate responsibility to conduct the DPIA. Appointing a DPO at that point was deemed unnecessary. However, the data processor's suggestions regarding the CCTV installation were taken into account. Step 3: Risk Likelihood (Unlikely, Possible, Likely) Severity (Moderate, Severe, Critical) Overall risk (Low, Medium, High) There is a risk that the principle of lawfulness, fairness, and transparency will be compromised since individuals might not be aware of the CCTV location and its field of view. Likely Moderate Low There is a risk that the principle of integrity and confidentiality may be compromised in case the CCTV system is not monitored and controlled with adequate security measures.
Possible Severe Medium There is a risk related to the right of individuals to be informed regarding the installation of CCTV cameras. Possible Moderate Low Step 4: Bus Spot will provide appropriate training to individuals that have access to the information generated by the CCTV system. In addition, it will ensure that the employees of the data processor are trained as well. In each entrance of the bus, a sign for the use of CCTV will be displayed. The sign will be visible and readable by all passengers. It will show other details such as the purpose of its use, the identity of Bus Spot, and its contact number in case there are any queries.
Only two employees of Bus Spot will be authorized to access the CCTV system. They will continuously monitor it and report any unusual behavior of bus drivers or passengers to Bus Spot. The requests of individuals that are subject to a criminal activity for accessing the CCTV images will be evaluated only for a limited period of time. If the access is allowed, the CCTV images will be exported by the CCTV system to an appropriate file format. Bus Spot will use a file encryption software to encrypt data before transferring onto another file format. Step 5: Bus Spot's topmanagement has evaluated the DPIA results for the processing of data through CCTV system. The actions suggested to address the identified risks have been approved and will be implemented based on best practices. This DPIA involves the analysis of the risks and impacts in only a group of buses located in the capital of Spain. Therefore, the DPIA will be reconducted for each of Bus Spot's buses in Spain before installing the CCTV system. Based on this scenario, answer the following question:
Question:
Based on scenario 6, Bus Spot decidednot to appoint a DPOwhen conducting the DPIA.
Which option iscorrectregarding this situation?

A. Bus Spot can conduct a DPIA without designating a DPO, since the role of the DPO is only to give advice to the controller or processor.
B. Bus Spot can conduct a DPIA only after appointing a DPO, since the DPO needs to control the DPIA process and observe how well risks are addressed.
C. A DPO is mandatoryfor Bus Spot because CCTV surveillance involves high-risk processing.
D. The DPIA conducted by Bus Spotis not validbecause they have not appointed a DPO.

Answer: C

Explanation:
UnderArticle 37(1)(b) of GDPR, a DPOmust be appointedwhen thecore activitiesinvolvesystematic monitoring of individuals on a large scale, which applies toBus Spot's CCTV system.
* Option D is correctbecauselarge-scale monitoring (CCTV) requires a DPOunder GDPR.
* Option A is incorrectbecausenot appointing a DPO for systematic monitoring violates Article 37.
* Option B is incorrectbecause a DPIAcan still be valid, but aDPO is required for compliance.
* Option C is incorrectbecauseDPOs do not control DPIAs; they provide guidance.
References:
* GDPR Article 37(1)(b)(Mandatory DPO for large-scale monitoring)
* Recital 97(DPO role in high-risk data processing)

NEW QUESTION # 86
Scenario1:
MED is a healthcare provider located in Norway. It provides high-quality and affordable healthcare services, including disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Founded in 1995, MED is one of the largest health organizations in the private sector. The company has constantly evolved in response to patients' needs.
Patients that schedule an appointment in MED's medical centers initially need to provide their personal information, including name, surname, address, phone number, and date of birth. Further checkups or admission require additional information, including previous medical history and genetic data. When providing their personal data, patients are informed that the data is used for personalizing treatments and improving communication with MED's doctors. Medical data of patients, including children, are stored in the database of MED's health information system. MED allows patients who are at least 16 years old to use the system and provide their personal information independently. For children below the age of 16, MED requires consent from the holder of parental responsibility before processing their data.
MED uses a cloud-based application that allows patients and doctors to upload and access information.
Patients can save all personal medical data, including test results, doctor visits, diagnosis history, and medicine prescriptions, as well as review and track them at any time. Doctors, on the other hand, can access their patients' data through the application and can add information as needed.
Patients who decide to continue their treatment at another health institution can request MED to transfer their data. However, even if patients decide to continue their treatment elsewhere, their personal data is still used by MED. Patients' requests to stop data processing are rejected. This decision was made by MED's top management to retain the information of everyone registered in their databases.
The company also shares medical data with InsHealth, a health insurance company. MED's data helps InsHealth create health insurance plans that meet the needs of individuals and families.
MED believes that it is its responsibility to ensure the security and accuracy of patients' personal data. Based on the identified risks associated with data processing activities, MED has implemented appropriate security measures to ensure that data is securely stored and processed.
Since personal data of patients is stored and transmitted over the internet, MED uses encryption to avoid unauthorized processing, accidental loss, or destruction of data. The company has established a security policy to define the levels of protection required for each type of information andprocessing activity. MED has communicated the policy and other procedures to personnel and provided customized training to ensure proper handling of data processing.
Question:
Based on scenario 1, is the processing of children's personal data performed by MED in compliance with GDPR?

A. No, MED must obtain explicit consent from the child, regardless of parental consent, for the processing to be in compliance with GDPR.
B. No, the processing of personal data of children below the age of 16 years is not in compliance with the GDPR, even if parental consent is provided.
C. Yes, as long as the processing is conducted with industry-standard encryption.
D. Yes, the processing of children's personal data below the age of 16 years with parental consent is in compliance with GDPR.

Answer: D

Explanation:
UnderArticle 8 of the GDPR, the processing of personal data of children under 16 years is only lawful if parental or guardian consent is obtained. However, Member States can lower the age limit to 13 years if they choose.
In this scenario, MED requires parental consent for children below 16 years, which aligns with GDPR requirements. Therefore,Option Bis correct.Option Ais incorrect because GDPR allows parental consent.
Option Cis incorrect because GDPR does not require explicit consent from the child when parental consent is given.Option Dis incorrect because encryption alone does not determine compliance.
References:
* GDPR Article 8(Conditions for children's consent)
* Recital 38(Protection of children's data)

NEW QUESTION # 87
Question:
What can beincludedin a DPIA?

A. Themeasures taken to protect the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of systems.
B. Assessment of the risksto the rights and freedoms of data subjects.
C. Documented informationon personal data transfers tothird countries.
D. All of the above.

Answer: D

Explanation:
UnderArticle 35(7) of GDPR, a DPIA must include:
* A description of processing activities and their purpose.
* An assessment of necessity and proportionality.
* An assessment of risks to individuals.
* Planned measures to address risks.
* Option D is correctbecauseall these elements are essential for a DPIA.
* Option A is correctbecausedocumenting cross-border data transfers is requiredunderGDPR Article 35(7)(d).
* Option B is correctbecausesecurity measures must be described to mitigate risks.
* Option C is correctbecauseassessing risks to individuals is the core function of a DPIA.
References:
* GDPR Article 35(7)(DPIA requirements)
* Recital 90(DPIA helps controllers manage processing risks)

NEW QUESTION # 88
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